The tree which moves some to tears of joy is in the eyes of others only a green thing that stands in the way. Some see Nature all ridicule and deformity, and some scarce see Nature at all. But to the eyes of the man of imagination, Nature is Imagination itself.


William Blake, 1799, The Letters

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   
HEDGEROW SPECIES  

The following guide (not exhaustive) gives some indication of the variety of plant species that is contained within a well-established hedge. A hedge planted with a single species will take years and possibly generations to become a biologically diverse ecosystem.

It is possible to gain a head start by establishing a variety of species at the onset of planting a new hedge.

Species marked with * are UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Species associated with hedgerows (list under review, 2006)

Excellent photographs of the flowers of most these species can be seen at
http://www.floralimages.co.uk/
and
http://www.british-wild-flowers.co.uk/

 

TREES AND SHRUBS  

COMMON
NAME

SCIENTIFIC
NAME

COMMENTS

ALDER

Alnus glutinosa

Produces false cones which provide a good supply of bird food in spring. Fast growing, particularly suited to boggy ground, - not suitable for chalky soils.

ALDER BUCKTHORN

Frangula alnus

Provides habitat for the brimstone butterfly. Red berries which later mature to black  provide food for visiting birds

ASH

Fraxinus excelsior

Ash keys eaten by  small mammals and birds

BEECH

Fagus Sylvatica

Forms thick shelter when used in hedges : widespread use in Scotland for hedging, since leaves are retained until new growth starts in late Spring; good food source for small mammals when mature

BIRCH

Betula pubescens and Betula pendula

Birds favour seed

BLACKBERRY

Rubus fruitcosa

Basic browse for deer; birds food and nesting; insects, shelter for small mammals

BLACKTHORN

Prunus spinosa

Important for Butterflies; good nesting  thicket. flowers very early in the year, and   good source of nectar and insects for birds in   spring

BROOM

sarathamnus scoparius

Important for Insects including butterflies

COMMON SEA BUCKTHORN

Hippophae rhamnoides

Excellent hedging species for harsher areas. Its fruit persists through winter so gives good supply of bird food. Both male and female plants should be included in a hedge.

COMMON SALLOW

Salix cinerea ssp. Oleifolia

Liked by deer for feeding; numerous insects on catkins and leaves

CRAB APPLE 

Malus sylvestris

Exceptionally important ecologically. It supports over ninety different species and produces a  crop of fruit in late summer, important for  numerous species of birds and small mammals Best grown as a small hedgerow tree and not trimmed: excellent food source for insects.

DOG ROSE

Rosa canina

Important for Birds on fruit; insects on flowers

DOGWOOD

Cornus sanguinea

The berries are enjoyed by and attract wildlife.

EARED WILLOW

Salix aurita

Liked by deer ; catkins and leaves important for insects

ELDER

Sambucus nigra

Birds on fruit; insects on flowers; poor hedgerow tree for stock checking; capable of growing almost anywhere; very valuable in the informal wildlife hedge

ENGLISH ELM/
WYCH ELM

Ulmus Procera/glabra

Insects - white hairstreak, comma and large tortoiseshell butterflies; nest sites for birds. Some naturaly disease resistant English elms stilll in existence

FIELD MAPLE

Acer campestre

Good shelter plant

FIELD ROSE 

Rosa arvensis

Low growing, clump forming shrub, which provides excellent food for birds.

GEAN OR WILD CHERRY

Prunus ayium

Important for Fruits for birds;  Fruits and seeds  for small mammals

GOAT WILLOW

Salix caprea

Liked by deer ; insects on catkins and leaves

GORSE

Ulex europaeus

Important for Insects ; nesting for linnets

GUELDER ROSE

See Viburnum opulus

 

HAWTHORN

Crataegus monogyna

Forms the basis for many hedges : tough, fast growing, good source of food for birds and insects. Mammals; birds for berries; many insects; wood mouse eats fruit; good protection for nesting birds.

Hawthorn flowers and fruits  on old growth, so   trimming should  to be carried out very carefully,   preferably only on alternate years.

HAZEL

Corylus avellana

 Slow growing, but valuable in  wildlife hedge. It supports large variety of insects, produces nuts in August-September

HOLLY

Ilex aquifolium

Fruits for birds, nesting cover, deer browse: only females produce beries

HONEYSUCKLE

Lonicera periclymenum

Important for Bees  and other insects

LIME

Tilia cordata (small leafed)

Tilia platyphyllos (Large leafed)

Useful food source for birds; although it can grow to be a large tree, can usefully form part of hedge.

PENDUNCULATE AND SESSILE OAK

Quercus robur and Quercus petracea

Probably the most important tree, capable of supporting staggering amounts of wildlife; insects, birds, mammals, lichens

PRIVET

Ligustrum vulgare

Dense hedge plant which retains  foliage all year round, except in harsh winters, making it an excellent  refuge for wildlife. White flowers produced in  July are attractive to insects. Black berries make it an extremely valuable food source  for foraging birds.

Do not use the domestic variety .L ovalifolium

ROWAN

Sorbus aucuparia

 Insect fauna, fruit for birds

SPINDLE

Euonymus europaeus

Good host for bean aphid; Fruit poisonous to mammals

SWEET BRIAR

Rosa rubiginosa

Its leaves and blooms form an important habitat for numerous species of butterfly. It also produces hips, which are consumed by birds.

SWEET CHESTNUT

Castanea sativa

Good source of food for small mammals

VIBURNUM

V. opulus Guelder Rose

Produces large, white flowers and red fleshy fruit  which attract a variety of animals Important for Birds; wood mouse attracted by  fruit; insects on flowers flower early, and   nectar and pollen   attract  insects

VIBURNUM

Viburnum lantana Wayfaring Tree

Produces  white flowers in May, followed by red   berries in September . It attracts wildlife all year round-important for birds; wood mouse attracted by  fruit; insects on flowers

WESTERN GORSE

Ulex gallii

Important for insects 

WILD SERVICE TREE

Sorbus torminalis

 

WILD CHERRY

Prunus Avium

Also known as Gean (pronounced with hard ‘G’). Important source of food for birds and small mammals

WILD PEAR

Pyrus pyraster

Good source of food for birds and small mammals

YEW 

Taxus baccata

Forms thick shelter hedge : all parts poisonous to mammals, so should not be planted where livestock can get near

UNDERSTOREY PLANTS  

COMMON NAME

SCIENTIFIC NAME

AGRIMONY

Agrimonia eupatoria

BETONY

Stachys officinalis

BUGLE

Ajuga Reptans

BLUEBELL

Hyacinthoides non-scripta

CELANDINE

Ranunculus ficaria

COMMON KNAPWEED

Centaurea nigra

COMMON MALLOW

Malva sylvestris

COMMON VETCH

Vicia sativa

COW PARSLEY

Anthriscus sylvestris

COWSLIP

Primula veris

DANDELION

Taraxacum officinale

DARK MULLEIN

Verbascum nigrum

DEAD NETTLE

Lamium purpureum, Lamium amplexicaulis

DOG’S VIOLET

Viola riviniana

FOXGLOVE

Digitalis purpurea

GARLIC MUSTARD

Alliaria petiolata

GREAT MULLEIN

Verbascum

GREATER STITCHWORT 

Stellaria holostea

HEDGE BEDSTRAW

Galium mollugo

HEDGE MUSTARD

Sisymbrium officinale

HEMP AGRIMONY

Eupatorium cannabinum

HEDGE WOUNDWORT

Stachys sylvatica

HENBIT DEADNETTLE

Lamium amplexicaulis

HERB BENNET

Geum urbanum

HONESTY

Lunaria Annua

HYSSOP

Hyssopus officinalis

LICHEN* Bacidia incompta
LICHEN* Teleschistes chrysopthalmus

MEADOW BUTTERCUP

Ranunculus acris

MEADOW CRANES-BILL

Geranium pratense

MEADOWSWEET

Filipendula ulmaria

MUSTARD GARLIC

Alliaria petiolata

NETTLE

Urtica dioeca

NETTLE LEAVED  BELLFLOWER

Campanula trachelium

OXEYE DAISY

Leucanthemum vulgare

PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE

 Lythrum saclicaria

PURPLE RAMPING FUMITORY*

 Fumaria purpurea

PRIMROSE

Primula vulgaris

RAGGED ROBIN

Lychnis flos-cuculi

RAMSONS

Allium ursinum

RED CAMPION

Silene dioica

RED DEADNETTLE

Lamium purpureum

RIBWORT PLANTAIN

Plantago lanceolata

ROUGH CHEVRIL

Chaerophyllum temulum

SAGE WOOD

Teucrium scorodonia

SELF HEAL

Prunella vulgaris

SORREL

Rumex acetosa

ST JOHNS WORT 

Hypericum   perforatum

SWEET CICELY

Myrrhis odorata

TEASEL

Dipsacus fullonum

TOADFLAX

Linaria vulgaris

TUFTED VETCH

Vicia cracca

UPRIGHT HEDGE PARSLEY

Torilis japonica

VALERIAN

Centranthus ruber

WESTERN RAMPING FUMITORY*

Fumaria occidentalis

WHITE CAMPION

Silene alba

WHITE DEAD NETTLE

Lamium album

WILD ANGELICA

Angelica sylvestris

WILD GARLIC

Alliaria petiolata

WOOD AVENS

Geum urbanum

YARROW

Achillea millefolium

YELLOW ARCHANGEL.

Lamiastrum galeobdolon,.

YELLOW RATTLE

Rhinanthus minor

 

FERNS  

COMMON NAME

SCIENTIFIC NAME

BROAD BUCKLER FERN

Dryopteris austriaca

HARD FERN

Blechnum spicant

HART'S TONGUE

Asplenium scolopendrium

LADY FERN

Athyrium filix-femina

MALE FERN

Dryopteris filix-mas

ROYAL FERN

Osmunda regalis

SOFT SHIELD FERN

Polystichum setiferum

 

   
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